| 江泊安,谢书凡,李玉桃.化学通报,2026,89(1):1-14. |
| 电化学适配体生物传感器用于活体检测的研究进展 |
| Research Progress on Electrochemical Aptamer Biosensors for In Vivo Detection |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-14 修订日期：2025-09-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 电化学生物传感器 核酸适配体；活体检测 |
| 英文关键词:Aptamer Electrochemical biosensor In vivo detection |
| 基金项目:湖北省中医药管理局重点项目(ZY2025D011)和湖北省联合基金项目(2023AFD125)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，电化学生物传感器以其响应快速、操作简便、易于小型化的特点，为实时、动态监测生理环境中的生物标志物提供了有效手段。核酸适配体（Aptamer）具有高度特异性、良好的稳定性以及易于化学修饰的优势，在电化学生物传感器领域得到了广泛应用，尤其在活体检测方面展现了巨大的潜力。本文梳理了近年来基于核酸适配体构建的电化学生物传感器在活体检测方面的研究进展，简要介绍了适配体的基本特性及其筛选方法，重点探讨了其设计策略、传感机制，在生物体内实时监测的典型应用，以及目前基于适配体的电化学可穿戴式和植入式传感器的研究进展，最后对目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向进行了展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, electrochemical biosensors, characterized by rapid response, simple operation, and ease of miniaturization, provide powerful tools for real-time and dynamic monitoring of biomarkers within physiological environments. Nucleic acid aptamers have attracted increasing attention in the field of electrochemical biosensors owing to their high specificity, excellent stability, and facile chemical modification. Particularly, they hold great promise for in vivo detection. This review summarizes recent advances in electrochemical biosensors based on aptamers for in vivo applications. It briefly introduces the fundamental properties of aptamers and their selection strategies, with a particular emphasis on design principles, sensing mechanisms, and representative applications in real-time monitoring within living systems. Furthermore, recent progress in aptamer-based wearable and implantable electrochemical sensors is highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed. |
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