| 洪燕燕,赵静波,邢曦雯.化学通报,2026,89(1):108-115. |
| 痛风：都是尿酸惹的祸 |
| Gout: Caused by Uric Acid |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-09 修订日期：2025-09-20 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 痛风 尿酸 嘌呤代谢 痛风防治 |
| 英文关键词:Gout, Uric acid, Purine metabolism, Gout prevention and treatment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(22377034)和广州市科技菁英“领航”项目(2024A04J6254)资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 尿酸与人体健康密切相关，其代谢失衡所导致的痛风已成为当前重要的公共卫生问题。尿酸在正常生理浓度下是体内重要的抗氧化剂，但过量时形成的尿酸盐结晶将引发痛风。本文系统梳理了痛风的致病机制，重点探讨了尿酸在人体内的代谢途径与理化特性，并深入分析了饮食因素在痛风发病中的作用逻辑。有研究指出，嘌呤摄入过多、内源性嘌呤代谢异常及尿酸排泄障碍均可引起血尿酸水平升高，这种失衡与个体的生活方式和遗传背景等因素密切相关，例如长期高嘌呤饮食、缺乏运动、痛风家族史等均会显著增加患病风险。更为关键的是，若血尿酸水平长期得不到有效控制，就会显著增加患痛风和肾脏疾病的风险，严重影响患者的身体健康和生活质量。鉴于此，本文进一步阐述了痛风的防治策略，强调生活与饮食管理以及降尿酸药物的应用在综合干预中的关键作用。在控制高尿酸血症时，不能仅仅依赖单一手段，应融合膳食调节与药物干预等多种手段，并倡导健康的生活方式，如适量运动、规律作息等。旨在通过本文对痛风成因、防治的系统化梳理，提升公众对痛风这一疾病的认知，增强自我健康管理意识，进而构建起全社会协同的痛风防控体系，助力更多人远离痛风的困扰。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Uric acid is closely associated with human health, with gout resulting from its metabolic dysregulation emerging as a major public health concern. Uric acid is an important antioxidant in the body under normal physiological concentrations, but trigger gout when excess by precipiting urate crystals. This paper systematically reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of gout, focusing on the metabolic pathways and physicochemical properties of uric acid in the human body, while also delving into the role of dietary factors in the pathogenesis of gout. Researches indicate that hyperuricemia can arise from excessive purine intake, dysregulated endogenous purine metabolism, and impaired uric acid excretion. These factors are influenced by both lifestyle choices and genetic predisposition, such as chronic consumption of high-purine foods, physical inactivity, and a family history of gout, all of which significantly elevate the risk.?More importantly, failure to effectively control hyperuricemia over the long term can substantially raise the risk of gout and kidney diseases, seriously affecting patients" health and quality of life. Accordingly, the article further elaborates on prevention and treatment strategies for gout, emphasizing the crucial role of lifestyle and dietary management combined with uric acid-lowering medications in comprehensive intervention. Management of hyperuricemia should not rely solely on a single method but integrate dietary modifications and pharmacological interventions, alongside promoting healthy lifestyle habits such as regular exercise and consistent sleep patterns. This review aims to enhance public awareness of gout, strengthen self-health management, and contribute to building a collaborative societal system for gout prevention and control, thereby helping more people avoid the distress caused by the disease. |
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