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| 细胞内极性响应型荧光探针的研究进展 |
| Research Progress in Polarity-Responsive Fluorescent Probes within the Cell |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-07 修订日期：2025-11-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 极性响应 荧光探针；荧光成像 |
| 英文关键词:Polarity Responsive, Fluorescent Probe, Fluorescence Imaging |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金青年项目（ZR2023QB247）、山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202510448045）、德州学院科学研究基金项目（2023xjrc106）、德州学院实验技术立项项目（SYJS25022） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 细胞极性作为细胞微环境中的关键物理化学参数之一,在调控生物大分子构象、膜流动性、酶活性及信号转导等基本生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。极性微环境的异常变化与多种疾病(如癌症、脂肪肝、神经退行性疾病等)的发生发展密切相关。因此,实时、精准地监测细胞极性的动态变化,对于揭示疾病机制及开发新型诊断策略具有重要意义。传统检测方法难以在活细胞及复杂生命体系中对极性进行原位、动态监测,而荧光成像技术凭借其高灵敏度、高时空分辨率、无损实时及可定量等优势,已成为研究亚细胞极性微环境的核心工具。本文系统综述了近五年来基于香豆素、萘二甲酰亚胺、BODIPY、尼罗红、芘等荧光母体的极性响应型探针的研究进展,重点探讨其分子设计策略、光物理性质、成像机制及在细胞器定位、疾病模型成像等方面的生物应用,并对未来极性荧光探针的发展趋势进行展望。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As a key physicochemical parameter in the cellular microenvironment, polarity plays a crucial role in regulating fundamental biological processes such as biomolecular conformation, membrane fluidity, enzyme activity, and signal transduction. Abnormal changes in the polarity microenvironment are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including cancer, fatty liver disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, real-time and precise monitoring of dynamic changes in cellular polarity is of great significance for elucidating disease mechanisms and developing novel diagnostic strategies. Conventional detection methods are often inadequate for in situ and dynamic monitoring of polarity in living cells and complex biological systems. In contrast, fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a core tool for investigating subcellular polarity microenvironments, owing to its high sensitivity, excellent spatiotemporal resolution, non-invasiveness, real-time capability, and quantifiability. This review systematically summarizes recent advances (over the past five years) in polarity-responsive fluorescent probes based on fluorophores such as coumarin, naphthalimide, BODIPY, Nile red and pyrene. It focuses on their molecular design strategies, photophysical properties, imaging mechanisms, and biological applications in organelle localization and disease model imaging. Finally, future perspectives on the development of polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes are discussed. |
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