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| 聚酯废塑料电化学降解研究进展 |
| Recent advances in electrochemical degradation of polyester plastic waste |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-25 修订日期：2025-12-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 聚酯废塑料 电化学降解 催化 高熵催化剂 |
| 英文关键词:Polyester, waste plastic, Electrochemical degradation, Catalysis, High-entropy catalyst |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（22078374，22378434）,国家重点研发计划（2024YFE0208300） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 62 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着塑料产量的持续增长和回收率的不足，废弃聚酯塑料的环境危害愈加严重。传统处置方式存在能耗高、二次污染或再生材料性能不足等问题。近年来，化学转化策略因能够将废弃塑料升级为燃料和高附加值化学品而备受关注，其中电化学方法依托清洁能源驱动、条件温和、产物选择性高等优势，成为研究热点。本综述首先介绍了热化学、光化学和电化学三种资源化转化废弃塑料策略的原理、优缺点及应用现状。其次，重点梳理了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸等典型聚酯废塑料的电化学转化研究进展，并进一步介绍了塑料海水耦合产氢的新策略；相较于传统水电解，该策略可节省约25%的能耗。然后，深入分析了聚酯废塑料电化学转化催化剂的设计，并展望了高熵催化剂等新型材料在该领域的应用前景。最后，对电化学转化过程面临的关键挑战及未来发展方向进行了总结与思考，以期为聚酯废塑料的资源化利用和可持续发展提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As plastic production rises and recycling rates remain low, the environmental impact of discarded polyester plastics is worsening. Traditional disposal methods suffer from high energy consumption, secondary pollution, and poor performance of recycled materials. Recently, chemical transformation strategies have garnered attention for converting waste plastics into fuels and high-value chemicals. Among these, electrochemical methods powered by clean renewable energy, operated under mild conditions and offering high product selectivity, have emerged as a leading research frontier. In this article, the principles, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the current application status of three waste plastic resource recovery strategies related to pyrolysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis are first introduced. We focus on recent advances in the electrochemical conversion of typical polyester waste plastics such as PET and PLA, and further introduce a new waste-plastic/seawater co-electrolysis strategy for hydrogen production that cuts energy consumption by approximately 25 % compared with conventional water electrolysis. We also critically analysis of electrochemical transformation catalyst design for waste polyester plastics and explore the potential applications of new materials, exemplified by high-entropy catalysts. Finally, we summarize the key challenges and future directions of these electrochemical transformation processes, aiming to provide insights for the resource recovery and sustainable development of waste polyester plastics. |
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